UPDATE: Using Coral CDN to serve up my images and stylesheets ended up being a mistake and actually slowed down my site. I’d recommend using Amazon S3 instead if you need high bandwidth fast serving of static content. Coral CDN is probably better for cases when you want to serve up a large file (mp3, mpeg, etc...) and save on your bandwidth usage. It doesn't seem ready to be a general purpose CDN for speeding up your site. I’ll add the ability to this code to use S3. In the meanwhile, this code is still useful by simply restricting the extensions in the config file to perhaps this list "mpg,mp3,mpeg,wmv,avi,zip". Hat tip to Jon Galloway for pointing that out.
Yahoo recently released the ever so popular YSlow add-on for Firebug used to help locate bottlenecks for web pages. From their developer network site we learn...
YSlow analyzes web pages and tells you why they’re slow based on the rules for high performance web sites. YSlow is a Firefox add-on integrated with the popular Firebug web development tool. YSlow gives you:
* Performance report card
* HTTP/HTML summary
* List of components in the page
* Tools including JSLint
YSlow provides a nice report card for your site. Here you can see the unfortunate grade my blog gets at the time of this writing.
Naturally I couldn’t just sit there while some unknown Yahoo disdainfully gives my blog an F. I decided to start digging into it and start attacking specific items.
I decided to start with #2 Use a CDN which stands for Content Distribution Network. The Yahoo YSlow help page has this to say about CDNs.
A content delivery network (CDN) is a collection of web servers distributed across multiple locations to deliver content more efficiently to users. The server selected for delivering content to a specific user is typically based on a measure of network proximity. For example, the server with the fewest network hops or the server with the quickest response time is chosen.
That certainly sounds useful, but the CDNs listed by Yahoo include Akamai, Mirror Image Internet, and LimeLight Networks. These might be great for big companies like Yahoo, but they’re a bit cost prohibitive for small fries like us bloggers.
Coral to the Rescue
That’s when I remembered the Coral Content Distribution Network. Jon Galloway wrote about this a long time ago as a means to save on bandwidth. The one fatal flaw at the time was that the network only worked over port 8090. Fortunately, that little issue has been corrected and Coral now works over port 80.
And the wonderful thing about Coral is that it’s trivially easy to use it. All you have to do is append your domain name with .
So this:
http://example.com/my/really/big/file.mpeg
becomes
http://example.com.nyud.net/my/really/big/file.mpeg
And now your really big file is being served up by hundreds of geographically distributed servers. You just need to keep that file on your server at the original location so Coral can find it when adding it to its network.
Tell YSlow about Coral
By default, YSlow doesn’t recognize Coral as a CDN, which means implementing Coral CDN won’t affect your YSlow grade. YSlow only recognizes the CDNs in use by Yahoo. Fortunately, it’s pretty easy to add Coral to the list. Just follow these steps:
- Go to
about:config in Firefox. You’ll see the current list of preferences.
- Right-click in the window and choose New and String to create a new string preference.
- Enter
extensions.firebug.yslow.cdnHostnames for the preference name.
- For the string value, enter the hostname of your CDN, for example,
nyud.net. Do not use quotes. If you have multiple CDN hostnames, separate them with commas.
Here’s a screenshot of the domains I added to YSlow. I’m sure I’ll think of more to add later.
How can I automate this?
You knew I wasn’t going to write about this without providing some means for automating this conversion, did ya? There are two approaches I could take:
- Rewrite URLs to static files on incoming posts.
- Rewrite URLs on the way out.
The first approach rewrites the URL as you are posting content to your blog. This has the distinct disadvantage that should you decide to change the distribution network, you need to go through and rewrite those URLs.
The second approach rewrites the URLs as they are being output as part of the the HTTP response. The issue there is to do it properly requires buffering up the entire output (rather than letting IIS and ASP.NET stream it) so you can perform your regex replacements and whatnot. This can impair performance on a large page.
I decided to go with option #1 for now for performance reasons, though option #2 would be quite easy to implement. I wrote an HttpModule in the same style as my Windows Live Writer crap cleaner which rewrites an incoming MetaWeblog API post to append nyud.net to the domain.
The code here only works with Windows Live Writer and BlogJet (untested in the latter case) but can be easily modified to allow posts for any blog client (I just got lazy here) by modifying the user agent within the method IsMetaweblogAPIPost.
The reason I didn’t write this as a WLW plugin is that it’s not yet possible to hook into pipeline and rewrite content just before WLW posts it to the blog. That may be coming in the future though, according to this comment by Joe Cheng of the WLW team.
Download and Use It
You can download the code here (binaries are included in the bin dir) in a project called HtmlScrubber. I simply added this HttpModule to the same code as the WLW Crap Cleaner module mentioned earlier. To use it simply add the following to your web.config.
<httpModules>
<add type="HtmlScrubber.CoralCDNModule, HtmlScrubber"
name="CoralCDNModule" />
</httpModules>
This filter works by looking at the file extension of a referenced file. If you’d like to change the list of extensions, you can add the following configuration.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
<configSections>
<section name="CoralCDNConfigSection"
type="HtmlScrubber.CoralCDNConfigSection, HtmlScrubber"
allowDefinition="Everywhere"
allowLocation="true" />
</configSections>
<CoralCDNConfigSection
extensions="mpg,mp3,mpeg,wmv,avi,zip" />
</configuration>
The list of extensions shown are the default, so you don’t need to add this configuration section unless you want to change that list. Please enjoy and let me know if you put this to good use. Hope this makes your blog faster than mine.
As for me, I’m moving on to looking into using JSMin, JSLint, and merging CSS files etc...